Manejo de conducta en odontopediatría en niños de dos a ocho años: Revisión sistemática.

Madeleine Rodriguez Zambrano; Karen Loor Moreira; Tomas Quintero De La Hoz

doi:10.47990/s6tnjt22

Autores/as

Madeleine Rodriguez Zambrano Universidad San Gregorio de Portoviejo, Manabí, Ecuador. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8708-2899
Karen Loor Moreira Universidad San Gregorio de Portoviejo, Manabí, Ecuador. https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1212-5056
Tomas Quintero De La Hoz Universidad San Gregorio de Portoviejo, Manabí, Ecuador. Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí, Manabí, Ecuador. Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1803-7154

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47990/s6tnjt22

Palabras clave:

miedo dental, ansiedad dental, técnica decir - mostrar - hacer, distracción audio-visual, Odontología Pediátrica

Resumen

Introducción: La ansiedad y el miedo dental son situaciones frecuentes en la consulta de odontopediatría que pueden afectar el desarrollo del tratamiento odontológico. Por ello, establecer una buena relación de confianza entre el odontólogo y el niño es un factor crucial para mantener la cooperación del niño. Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad de distintas estrategias y técnicas utilizadas en el manejo de la conducta de pacientes odontopediátricos de dos a ocho años que presentan miedo y ansiedad. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo las recomendaciones de la guía PRISMA. Para evaluar el riesgo de sesgo se utilizó la versión 2 de la herramienta Cochrane para evaluar el riesgo de sesgo en ensayos aleatorios (RoB 2). Resultados: Se incluyeron nueve artículos. Entre las técnicas utilizadas se encuentran decir – mostrar – hacer (DMH), distracción auditiva (DA), distracción audiovisual (DAV), distracción con juegos de teléfono móvil (JTM), refuerzo positivo, control de voz, la presencia pasiva de los padres, la presencia activa de los padres, la sedación consciente, la terapia de juego con respiración de burbujas (TJRB) y decir – jugar – hacer (DJH). La técnica más utilizada es la de decir – mostrar – hacer, y aunque es efectiva los estudios demuestran superioridad de otras técnicas como la distracción audiovisual y decir – jugar – hacer. Conclusiones: Cuando se combinan varias estrategias puede haber un efecto sinérgico que disminuye aún más los niveles de miedo y ansiedad dental en esta población.

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