Orthodontic management in patients with autism spectrum disorder: a qualitative pilot study from the professional perspective

Abstract

Introduction. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by difficulties in social interaction, repetitive patterns, and sensory sensitivities that limit access to conventional dental treatments. Tactile, auditory, and visual hypersensitivity, combined with associated oral habits, complicates orthodontic management in this population.

Objectives. To describe the clinical strategies and considerations employed by orthodontic and pediatric dentistry specialists for managing patients with ASD, from their professional perspective.

Materials and Methods. A qualitative study conducted in Chile between January and March 2025, based on semi-structured interviews with nine professionals—five pediatric dentists and four orthodontists—with experience in ASD. Purposive sampling and content analysis were used until category saturation was reached.

Results. Six categories were identified: pre-treatment; during clinical evaluation; during treatment; relationship with caregivers; special considerations; and recommendations.

Conclusions. Successful orthodontic treatment in patients with ASD depends on an individualized approach that considers their sensory, behavioral, and emotional characteristics. Although effective strategies exist, the lack of standardized protocols highlights the need for further research and the development of specialized clinical guidelines.