Sedación y anestesia general en odontopediatría, ¿Cómo y cuándo?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47990/006n9036Palabras clave:
anestesia general, odontología pediátrica, sedación consciente, sedación profundaResumen
Introducción: La posibilidad de ofrecer la atención odontológica bajo sedación o anestesia general es cada vez más solicitada por los padres o tutores, particularmente en pacientes pediátricos o con necesidades especiales, debido a las dificultades en la comunicación y escasa colaboración con el tratamiento. Objetivos: Se ha realizado esta revisión narrativa de la literatura con los objetivos de determinar las indicaciones de sedación y/o anestesia general para el tratamiento odontológico en niños, además de describir las diferentes opciones de sedación o anestesia general, y de establecer unos criterios para el alta del paciente tratado bajo sedación o anestesia general. Métodos: Se ha realizado una búsqueda bibliográfica en la base de datos Pubmed con las palabras clave “pediatric dentistry”, “conscious sedation” y “general anesthesia” y el filtro “publicados en los últimos 10 años”, incluyendo publicaciones relevantes para el tema a tratar, que fueran trabajos de revisión o con un diseño observacional o transversal. Se excluyeron publicaciones acerca de pacientes adultos, así como reportes de casos. Resultados: 29 publicaciones fueron incluidas en la presente revisión. Conclusiones: La indicación de un determinado grado de sedación, o de anestesia general, vendrá dada por el grado de colaboración del paciente, su historia médica y la extensión del tratamiento odontológico que requiera. Los principales riesgos de estos procedimientos serán las alteraciones respiratorias y las reacciones alérgicas, entre otras. Tras la intervención, se esperará a que el paciente cumpla con los criterios para el alta antes de interrumpir su monitorización.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Revista de Odontopediatría Latinoamericana

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